American Literature - Margaret Fuller Research Paper

American Literature - Margaret Fuller - Research Paper Example Fuller’s father took a significant enthusiasm for the instruction of his little girl and it was from him that Fuller got her initial training, beginning to peruse from the age of three just as permitting her to have a solid handle on dialects, for example, Greek and Latin from an early age. Her dad can be considered to have profoundly affected molding Fuller’s women's activist character, as he gave her a training that didn't separate her dependent on her sex, by giving her exercises all in all subjects, as opposed to simply on subjects, for example, manners, which was normal at that point (Von Mehren,, 1994). Fuller was all around educated and proceeded to go to a few schools, learning both German just as Italian. Fuller had begun distributing one-off articles in magazines by 1934, yet when her dad kicked the bucket in 1935, leaving the family in a difficult situation, she had to enjoy a reprieve from her composition and rather take center around the obligation of teach ing her more youthful kin. In this way she turned into an educator in Bronson Alcott’s Temple School and Green Street School for a time of two years, from 1936 to 1938. In 1939, Fuller got a proposal from a scholarly and philosophical diary called The Dial, which she acknowledged and where she worked during the multi year time of 1840 to 1842. Fuller served as the editorial manager as well as composed an incredible number of articles and surveys on a large number of points regarding the matters of workmanship and writing. It was a result of her work here that Fuller initially started to increase a notoriety for being a significant figure in the supernatural development (Gura, 2007). During this timeframe Fuller kept her own reviewing, distributing her book ‘Summer in The Lake’ in 1944 and distributing her popular paper, ‘The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men, Woman versus Women’ in 1943, which is broadly considered as the principal women's activist work of America. The paper was initially composed to be distributed in The Dial and concentrated on ladies' fairness and the job ladies played in American Democracy. In 1844, Fuller moved to New York where she joined the New York Tribune as a scholarly pundit, in this manner achieving her situation as the principal full-time female book-commentator. 1n 1846, Fuller had become the journalist’s first female manager. Fuller composed a large number of segments for this distribution, and her works remembered conversations for wide-extending subjects, for example, craftsmanship and writing, just as socio-policy driven issues pertinent to the two ladies and other mistreated minority gatherings. In 1846, more full headed out to Europe as a remote reporter for the New York Tribune, once more, the principal female to do as such, where she met an extraordinary number of unmistakable authors and afterward sent back reports to America. It was additionally in Europe that Fuller met Giuseppe Maz inni, with whom she was later to have a relationship just as a youngster. In May, 1850, Fuller and her family set out on a boat to cruise back to the United States. Shockingly, the boat smashed at a short good ways from the shore of New York, murdering Fuller and her family, with their bodies lamentably never recouped. Fuller kicked the bucket at forty years old. Margaret Fuller passed on youthful yet left behind a heritage so extraordinary that maybe most women’s rights and extremist gatherings can certify their advancement of most of the

Han Date Free Essays

The games intramural is one of the most anticipated and significant occasions in each school year. This is the place understudies and instructors collaborate and participate in various games. This Is an open door for the understudies to show their abilities In deferent games. We will compose a custom paper test on Han Date or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now This will likewise build up the unit, collaboration, sportsmanship and neighborly partnership among understudies of various evaluation levels. Also, above all, the understudies and educators will appreciate without limit. Targets: 1. To advance games the board. 2. To create initiative among the understudies. 3. To improve the soul of solidarity, collaboration and sportsmanship between the members, 4. To urge the understudies to participate In various games and to be truly fit. Calendar: January 22-24, 201 5 Participants: High school understudies of Sacred Heart College from first year to fourth year. Sports Activities/Games: Dual Sports Team Sports Games Badminton. The most effective method to refer to Han Date, Papers

Essay Topics in English for Grade 7

Essay Topics in English for Grade 7There are many essay topics in English for grades 7. This is a great time to learn the topic of the course. The topics are grouped into the following two main categories: Historical, and Academic.Historical topics include general statements that are true, and things that happened in the past. One might write about their personal life, or about a historical figure that they admire. Another great topic could be about the struggle of slavery in America, or about what happened when two countries, England and America, fought against each other.Academic topics involve a lot of reading. Some students will be asked to read a lot of books, while others will be asked to read only a few. In this case, you can choose the books that interest you best and those that can help you in the subject that you have chosen.Sometimes you can choose your favorite book, or the books that interest you. You can even choose to read a biography of yourself. If you would like to read more about a historical topic, you should be able to choose a book that is written about that topic. This can be a good way to learn a topic that interests you.One of the essay topics in English for grades 7 includes the history of the USA. This topic has many different choices. It could be something that happened during the Civil War, or it could be about the changes that have been made in this country since the beginning of the country. You can choose to read a book that discusses this topic, or you can choose to learn about it yourself.Next, you need to decide which type of essay you want to write. There are four basic options: Scientific, Humanistic, Historical, and Academic. Some students will be asked to write a single essay on a topic, while others will be asked to do several essays.For the humanistic essay, the student will be allowed to write about their own experiences, as well as the experiences of others. This essay will be less focused on any one topic, but will be more about the different ways that people express themselves. The academic essay will focus on the points that the students will be making in their topic.When choosing essay topics in English for grades 7, it is important to choose one that you enjoy. The best essay topics will not be the ones that you do not like, but the ones that you love. That way, when you write them, you will be happy with the topics that you choose, and you will also be happy with the results.

Macbeth Essay - 819 Words

Macbeth Essay In Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, Macbeth undergoes many psychological tribulations. There is no doubt that he is insane, but the specifics of his conditions help explain the peculiarities of the play. Macbeth’s character was perhaps the culmination of all the psychological disorders known at Shakespeare’s day. He experienced disorders such as split personality, schizophrenia, and post traumatic stress. These disorders could be caused by stress on the battlefield and a poor spousal relationship. After Macbeth is diagnosed with said conditions the existence of Banquo, the witches, the murderers, and Fleance are called into question. A thorough analysis of the beginning of the play shows that Banquo is never mentioned without†¦show more content†¦DID only explains half of the non real characters, Schizophrenia explains the other half. To explain the nonexistence of the witches and murderers Macbeth must have schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is evid ent in many parts of the play, in fact Macbeth even hears a disembodied voice â€Å"Methought I heard a voice cry â€Å"Sleep no more! / Macbeth does murder sleep† (2.2.47-8). Schizophrenics have similar experiences to this â€Å"a mental disorder characterized by abnormalities in the perception or expression of reality. It most commonly manifests as auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions, or disorganized speech and thinking with significant social or occupational dysfunction† (Schizophrenia). This allows reality to be questioned in the play, the witches are not real neither are the murderers. They are all delusions made by the insane Macbeth. There is evidence to why Macbeth is insane in the play too. Macbeth’s sanity is in question throughout the play, and there are reasons given for his insanity. First of all Macbeth is a warrior, he has been in many battles and experienced the trials and tribulations of war. Many people who have gone to war have experienced post-traumatic stress disorder â€Å"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, is an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened. Traumatic events that may trigger PTSD include violent personal assaults,Show MoreRelatedMacbeth Essays : Macbeth 1064 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth Analytical Essay In life, there are two types of people: those who do the right thing and those who don’t. In the play Macbeth, by Shakespeare, the main character Macbeth is given a prophecy by three witches that says he will become king; however, there is no descending line of kings of his own blood. With the knowledge of the Witches’ prophecy, Macbeth’s ambition, and manipulation from his wife, Lady Macbeth, Macbeth is quickly dragged into a never-ending, bloody murder rampage to obtainRead MoreMacbeth Essay1706 Words   |  7 PagesCorradi ENG 3UE-01 Tuesday, May 19th, 2015 The Demise of Noble Macbeth Credited as one of William Shakespeare’s bloodiest and darkest works, The Tragedy of Macbeth is an emotionally tense, gripping play about loyalty, betrayal and ambition. Blinded by his vaulting ambition and encouraged by his wife, Macbeth attempted to remove the obstacles preventing him from being king; these obstacles happened to be other characters in the play. Macbeth accepted the prophecies of witches as a guide for what wouldRead MoreMacbeth Essay856 Words   |  4 Pages2012 MacBeth 5 Paragraph Essay A Tragic Tale of Ambition A Play By: William Shakespeare ENG-3UR As Shakespeare s tale of tragic ambition Macbeth progresses, Lady Macbeth undergoes a metamorphosis moving from a stable, loving wife, into a power hungry woman driven to madness by her own obsession for complete control. Although when the question who is ultimately responsible for Duncan s death is asked, many will point the finger at Lady Macbeth. While she played a role in manipulatingRead More The Guilt of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesThe Guilt of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Guilt is a very strong and uncomfortable feeling that often results from one’s own actions. This strong emotion is one of the theme ideas in William Shakespeare, â€Å"Macbeth†. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth feel guilt, but they react in different ways. Guilt hardens Macbeth, but cause Lady Macbeth to commit suicide. As Macbeth shrives to success guilt overcome’s Macbeth where he can no longer think straight. Initially Macbeth planned was to kill Duncan but itRead More The Guilt of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pages     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Characters in the Shakespearean tragedy Macbeth scarcely feel guilt - with two exceptions: Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. In this essay lets consider their guilt-problem. In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson comments regarding the guilt of the protagonist: It is a subtler thing which constitutes the chief fascination that the play exercises upon us - this fear Macbeth feels, a fear not fully defined, for him or for us, a terrible anxiety that is a sense ofRead MoreComparing Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay1845 Words   |  8 PagesA Comparison of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth  Ã‚   To understand Shakespeare’s tragic play, Macbeth it is necessary to fully comprehend the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. The differences between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are profound. Over the course of the play, Shakespeare skillfully changes the role of the two characters. Macbeth is frightened at the beginning then confident at the end while Lady Macbeth confident at the beginning and frightened at the end. At the beginning of theRead More Macbeth Essay3374 Words   |  14 Pages Macbeth is an epic tragedy inspiring pity and remorse because the hero, though flawed, is also shown to be human. The play portrays a journey of self-discovery and awareness as both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth pass from happiness to misery. Their punishment is well deserved but the retributive price is enormous. Evil, both internal and external corrupts their minds, distorting their positive traits and exaggerating their worst. Both fall victim to ‘vaulting ambition’, pride and greed, tempting themRead MoreEssay on The Character of Macbeth from Macbeth1960 Words   |  8 PagesMacbeth from Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeares tragedy Macbeth we find a guilt and fear-ridden usurper of the throne of Scotland. Let us study this character in this essay.    A.C. Bradley in Shakespearean Tragedy paints a portrait of Macbeth:    Macbeth, the cousin of a King mild, just, and beloved, but now too old to lead his army, is introduced to us as a general of extraordinary prowess, who has covered himself with glory in putting down a rebellion and repelling theRead MoreEssay about Macbeth1001 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’? The first time we hear the statement is very early in the play when the witches say the exact line quot;Fair is foul, and foul is fairquot; only for Macbeth himself to repeat it very closely two scenes later. This repetition of the lines shows me that the characters themselves believe that there are many foul events taking place. In this essay I will endeavour to prove that the above statement doesn’t express ‘Macbeth’ thoroughly. Firstly I will show the fair Macbeth himselfRead MoreEssay on Lady Macbeth1109 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the tragedy of Macbeth we observe two people on their attempt to gain power and glory through various foul actions. It can be argued that Lady Macbeth is the one responsible for triggering a slippage into this inevitable situation that led to their descent. From the moment Macbeth became aware of his â€Å"fate† Lady Macbeth started forming her own imaginary world in which her evil plans seemed likely to be effective. The thought of she and her husband being royalty makes her dismiss rationality

Canadians And Beer A Common Correlation - 1009 Words

Canadians and beer is a common correlation, but how about flavor and patriotism? The latest Molson Canadian advertising (ad) campaign is out to prove the latter. The campaign invites foreigners into Canada, and gives them a specific place to travel to, of varying distances. Molson gives them no way of getting there, and the guests must rely solely on free methods of travel from the locals—something they call â€Å"Canadian kindness† (Molson Canadian). The commercial with the longest travel in the campaign so far, 7,000km, is an ultimate culmination of what the brand is trying to portray. The Molson Canadian advertisement makes the viewer believe that Molson Canadian is just as important to what Canada is as the people or the landscape, and that Canada is like nowhere else in the world. The commercial starts off with a cinematic shot of a man walking on a beach toward a red refrigerator with a white maple leaf on it. This is supposed to give the viewer a strong feeling o f Canadian patriotism, while also putting the colors of the beer label in the ad. Then, the ad flashes back two weeks to show three foreigners, who go on to say that they were brought to Canada by Molson Canadian. The main characters, the foreigners, are from New Guinea. As the trio get off of a plane they ask, â€Å"What makes a Canadian so special?† (Molson Canadian) This introduces the theme of the ad, and was placed at the beginning so that the viewer would look to answer it throughout. They then inform theShow MoreRelatedArchitectural Determinism : Shaping Behavior Through The Built Environment1659 Words   |  7 Pagescan range from placing design elements in specific places to encourage or discourage people’s interaction with them, placing them to prevent access to a specific area, or placing them to direct or channel people in a particular direction. The most common example is the placement of arm rests on benches to prevent people from sleeping on them. This can also be seen in many cities, where staggered pedestrian crossings are incorporated, which are used to direct pedestrians to face oncoming traffic asRead MoreFIN REVIEW24504 Words   |  99 Pagestextiles. a. 1 yard of textiles per 6 pounds of food 3. In countries like France or Germany a. Managers have often viewed shareholders as one of the â€Å"Stakeholders† of the firm, others being employees, customers, suppliers, banks, and so forth. 4. The common monetary policy for the euro zone is now formulated by a. The European Central Bank 5. What is the relative price of a gun in terms of butter in South Carolina? a. 1 gun costs 3 butters 6. Using the same chart above, suppose that the citizens ofRead MoreEffective Implementation Of The Social Infrastructure Business Change Within The Workplace3115 Words   |  13 Pageson feelings. This is about performance improvements and results. If you search the literature, you will find the definition of a variety of human-centred change management. They all contain a similar concept, sometimes use different terminology. Canadian wine industry was born in southern Ontario more than a century ago. It was not until the 1970s, however, the industry has gone from a local grape varieties, mainly Labrusca and dominance transition Concord varieties to more conducive to high-qualityRead MoreFinance in International Markets12499 Words   |  50 PagesAnheuser-Busch, the producer of Budweiser and other beers, has recently expanded into Japan by engaging in a joint venture with Kirin Brewery, the largest brewery in Japan. The joint venture enables Anheuser-Busch to have its beer distributed through Kirin’s distribution channels in Japan. In addition, it can utilize Kirin’s facilities to produce beer that will be sold locally. In return, Anheuser-Busch provides information about the American beer market to Kirin. a. Explain how the joint ventureRead MoreImpact of Imc on Consumer Buying Behaviour5558 Words   |  23 Pagesonly if the participants in the communication share a common experience, with at least one common language. Communication effectiveness is determined both by understanding the message and getting the desired reaction from the part of the receiver, in response to the message (Popescu, 2002). E-mail: camelia.kailani@gmail.com Published: April 1, 2012 Accepted: February 29, 2012 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v4n2p121 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education 121 www.ccsenet.org/ijmsRead MoreThe Effects Of Eating Habits On The United States3151 Words   |  13 Pageswhat to focus on when informing communities on diabetes-self management. One of the diseases which the body commonly develops when not given the correct nutrition is diabetes. Type-two diabetes, compared to other forms of diabetes, is the most common form. (diabetes.org) Type-two diabetes is believed by most scientists to be caused by genetic susceptibility along with environmental factors. These environmental factors include diet and exercise. (diabetes.niddk) Type-two diabetes occurs whenRead MoreRelationship Between Exchange Rate and Stock Market7383 Words   |  30 Pagesindex and PKR/US$ and applied Cointigration, correlation and standard granger causality tests to check the long and short run association between stock prices and exchange rate. Our findings show that relationship between KSE-100 index and exchange rate is insignificant. There is no evidence of any short-run or long run association between given variables. The results show that for Pakistan stock prices and exchange rate have very weak but negative correlation. But at the same time both are not cointigratedRead MorePrinciples of Microeconomics Fifth Canadian Edition20085 Words   |  81 Pagesconsumer and producer and surplus explain the efficiency of markets, the costs of taxation, and the benefits of international trade. PART FOUR: THE ECONOMICS OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Externalities Public Goods and Common Resources The Design of the Tax System Market outcomes are not always efficient, and governments can sometimes remedy market failure. To fund programs, governments raise revenue through their tax systems, which are designed with an eye toward balancingRead MoreBrown Forman Financial Analysis8181 Words   |  33 PagesBrown-Forman has developed into a leader in the wine and spirits industry. Based out of Louisville Kentucky, this US based firm sells its brands in 135 different countries producing more than 35 alcohol brands, which include Southern Comfort, Korbel, Canadian Mist, and Fetzer. The most important brand in its portfolio is Jack Daniels, which is not only the largest selling American whiskey according to volume, but also the fourth largest premium spirits brand sold in the world. According to Mergent onlineRead MoreForeign Exchange Market and Currency25024 Words   |  101 Pageson Canadian dollars.   B) obtain a 90-day forward sale contract on Canadian dollars.   C) purchase Canadian dollars 90 days from now at the spot rate.   D) sell Canadian dollars 90 days from now at the spot rate. ANSWER: A   10. Assume the Canadian dollar is equal to $.88 and the Peruvian Sol is equal to $.35. The   value of the Peruvian Sol in Canadian dollars is:   A) about .3621 Canadian dollars.   B) about .3977 Canadian dollars.   C) about 2.36 Canadian dollars.   D) about 2.51 Canadian dollars

Essay on Work Goal and Social Care - 949 Words

Unit 6: Personal and Professional Development in Health and Social CareUnit 44: Vocational Experience for Health and Social CareBTEC NATIONAL HEALTH AND SOCIAL CAREExtended Diploma Student Name: Abigail bowes Group: BStudent Number: 20138903 | Unit 6 (P2, P5) half 1. Provide an up-to-date CV at the start of the course. 2. Provide an updated CV at the end of the first year. You will required to completed the following * Completed Units * Work Experience * New Skills and Qualifications (e.g: Splash) 3. Provide a third at end of the course with UCAS if applicable. | Unit 44 (P1) Unit 6: (P6)Written Assignments Tasks RequiredProvide a diagram and in 150 words describe two different local health or social care†¦show more content†¦| | | | | 2 | Demonstrates the ability to communicate effectively with clients and staff. | | | | | 3 | Demonstrates the ability to relate courteously, politely and appropriately with others in the setting. | | | | | 4 | Use of personal initiative within the work experience setting. | | | | | 5 | Respect confidentiality of information within the setting. | | | | | 6 | Demonstrates a commitment to diversity and inclusiveness in attitude and practice. | | | | | 7 | Demonstrates an awareness of health and safety procedures within the placement. | | | | | Additional Comments:Supervisor’s signature:_________________________________________ | Company Stamp:Date:________________________ |Show MoreRelatedI Am A Master Of Social Work Degree1537 Words   |  7 Pagesmeaning for me. My decision to apply for graduate school to pursue a Master of Social Work degree is one more destination in the stream of my life. Following the culmination of my undergraduate studies, I was recruited into the Children’s Corps and received training for graduates interested in working in the child welfare system. After my training, I immediately began employment as a case planner at JCCA. My main goal as a case planner is to help children find permanency through reunification withRead MoreAssignment 302 Principles Of Personal Development In Adult Social Care Settings1374 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Assignment 302 Principles of personal development in adult social care settings Task A Guidance You are going to be a mentor for a new social care worker as part of their induction process. Part of your role is to help them prepare for the review after their probation period. Ai Create a guide for the new social care worker about how to reflect on their practice. The guide must include the headings listed with an explanation of each. a) What is reflective practice? b) Why is reflective practiceRead MoreSocial Care And Psychology Assignment1659 Words   |  7 PagesApplied Social Care Psychology Assignment X00138717- Bronagh Galloway In this essay I will discuss the reasons why I choose the course social care practice and the psychological theory associated with it. I will illustrate my beliefs and values and how they influenced my personal and professional development. I will also discuss how my belief system corresponds with the ethical framework in social care practice. Motivation is a process that influences the direction, persistenceRead MoreFuture Goals And Areas Of Improvement920 Words   |  4 PagesFuture Goals and Areas of Improvement When working to improve health care systems and decrease the number of people getting infected with HIV it is important to learn from past experiences and create attainable goals. Recently the UNAIDS Program Coordinating Board met to create a new strategy to combat HIV (UNAIDS). This strategy for 2016-2021 aligns with one of the new Millennium Development Goal created by the United Nations that states it would like to end HIV as a public health threat and epidemicRead MoreMaintaining A Healthy Life Balance Essay1092 Words   |  5 PagesMaintaining a Healthy Life Balance in Nursing Health is not just physical health, it is a multi-aspect concept. Health is social, mental, emotional, spiritual, and physical. Social health is the ability to carry out satisfying relationships and to interact well with other people and the environment. Mental health is the ability to gain knowledge and learn. Emotional health is the ability to control emotions and to express those emotions in appropriate times. It is also holding back on those emotionsRead MoreApplication of Need Theory by Virginia Henderson1051 Words   |  5 Pagesfacilities. Spiritual 11.Worship according to one’s faith. Sociological 12. Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment. 13. Play or participate in various forms of recreation. Psychological Virginia Henderson ENVIRONMENTt * Individuals in relation to families * Supports tasks of private and public agencies * Society expects nurses to act for individuals who are unable to function independently * Basic nursing care involves providing conditions under which the patient can perform theRead MoreAdvocating For Organizational Change : Bridging The Gaps Of Service For The Doe Family1153 Words   |  5 PagesAdvocating for Organizational Change: Bridging the Gaps in Service for the Doe Family Social/Community Issue: Identifying Gaps and Limitations While it is true that social workers may be trained to provide all of the services that are required for a family in need, an astute, savvy and expertly tuned-in social worker will also identify the gaps in service and move forward with filling in where limitations are evident. The Doe family in question, one whose sweeping problems and challenges have beenRead MoreHelping The Homeless And Interacting With Offenders At Community Crisis Incorporation Service1696 Words   |  7 Pagesfamilies stay warm during the colder months. Morgan State Graduate School of Social Work Education has assisted me to fulfill my sense of duty in helping impoverished adolescent girls, boys and families to succeed. Hope, encouragement and someone who believes in you are often the little push one needs to live up to their full potential. My current position as a Community Support Worker at First Home Care allows me to work with children and adolescents in the Washington D.C and surrounding areas whoRead MoreMy Goals As A Social Worker Practitioner1737 Words   |  7 Pagesthe constructed nature of reality and the need for collaborative relationships between client and social worker/therapist. Social workers that use postmodern approach examine socio cultural issues such as how client problems and beliefs become socially constructed, the need for empowerment of marginalized clients, the political nature of therapy, and a need for social justice. As a healthcare social worker working with multicultural population it is important to understand how the culture play aRead MoreNVQ 3 Unit 3021724 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing to be a mentor for a new social care worker as part of their induction process. Part of your role is to help them prepare for the review after their probation period. Ai Create a guide for the new social care worker about how to reflect on their practice. The guide must include the headings listed with an explanation of each. a) What is reflective practice? Ans. Reflective practice is a way of learning from own experience to improve the way we work. The way things are done may

Commonwealth Realm free essay sample

The 23rd Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM; /ˈtÊÆ'É’É ¡(É™)m/) was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, from 15 to 17 November 2013.[2] Commonwealth leaders agreed on Sri Lanka as the 2013 host for the meeting when they met in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, in 2009. Sri Lanka, which was originally slated to host the summit in 2011, was accused of committing atrocities during the Sri Lankan civil war and the summit was instead held in Perth, Australia; Colombo was given the 2013 summit instead.[3][4] The leaders of Canada, India, and Mauritius boycotted the summit, citing alleged human rights violations by Sri Lanka against its Tamil minority. Protests were also banned during the summit.[5] President Mahinda Rajapaksa summarised the summits events as: Issues covered in the communique include development, political values, global threats, challenges and Commonwealth cooperation.[6] This was the first time in 40 years that the Head of the Commonwealth, Queen Elizabe th II, was not present at the CHOGM. We will write a custom essay sample on Commonwealth Realm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Member countries Fifty-three countries are members of The Commonwealth. Our countries span Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe and the Pacific and are diverse – they are amongst the world’s largest, smallest, richest and poorest countries. Thirty-two of our members are classified as small states – countries with a population size of 1.5million people or less and larger member states that share similar characteristics with them. All members subscribe to The Commonwealth’s values and principles outlined in The Commonwealth Charter. Leaders of member countries shape Commonwealth policies and priorities. Every two years, they meet to discuss issues affecting the Commonwealth and the wider world at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM). All members have an equal say – regardless of size or economic stature. This ensures even the smallest member countries have a voice in shaping The Commonwealth. The Commonwealth of Nations, or simply the Commonwealth, defines itself as an association of sovereign nations that support each other and work together towards international goals. Being the successor of the British Commonwealth of Nations, it is a loose association of former British colonies. At present, the Commonwealth has 54 member countries with a combined population of nearly 2 billion — nearly one third of the worlds population. The colonial past is the natural binding factor for these acountries. Most have certain common elements in their culture — common sports like cricket and rugby, driving on the left, British type parliamentary and legal systems and use of British spellings. As the British Empire began its process of decolonization and the creation of independent states from former British colonies, there arose a need for an organization of countries formerly part of the Empire. In 1884, Lord Rosebery, a British politician, described the changing British Empire as a Commonwealth of Nations. Thus, in 1931, the British Commonwealth of Nations was founded under the Statute of Westminster with five initial members the United Kingdom, Canada, the Irish Free State, Newfoundland, and the Union of South Africa. (Ireland permanently left the Commonwealth in 1949, Newfoundland became part of Canada in 1949, and South Africa left in 1961 due to apartheid but rejoined in 1994 as the Republic of South Africa). In 1946, the word British was dropped and the organization became known as simply the Commonwealth of Nations. Australia and New Zealand adopted the Statute in 1942 and 1947, respectively. With Indias independence in 1947, the new country desired to become a Republic and to not utilize the monarchy as their head of state. The London Declaration of 1949 modified the requirement that members must view the monarchy as their head of state to require that countries recognize the monarchy as simply the leader of the Commonwealth. With this adjustment, additional countries joined the Commonwealth as they gained independence from the United Kingdom so today there are fifty-four member countries. Of the fifty-four, thirty-three are republics (such as India), five have their own monarchies (such as Brunei Darussalam), and sixteen are a constitutional monarchy with the sovereign of the United Kingdom as their head of state (such as Canada and Australia). Although membership requires having been a former dependency of the United Kingdom or a dependency of a dependency, former Portuguese colony Mozambique became a member 1995 under special circumstances due to Mozambiques willingness to support the Commonwealths fight against apartheid in South Africa. The Secretary General is elected by the Heads of Government of the membership and can serve two four-year terms. The position of Secretary General was established in 1965. The Commonwealth Secretariat has its headquarters in London and is composed of 320 staff members from the member  countries. The Commonwealth maintains its own flag. The purpose of the voluntary Commonwealth is for international cooperation and to advance economics, social development, and human rights in member countries. Decisions of the various Commonwealth councils are non-binding. The Commonwealth of Nations supports the Commonwealth Games, which is a sporting event held every four years for member countries. A Commonwealth Day is celebrated on the second Monday in March. Each year carries a different theme but each country can celebrate the day as they choose. The population of the 54 member states exceeds two billion, about 30% of the world population (India is responsible for a majority of the Commonwealths population). Summary The Commonwealth of Nations, often called just the Commonwealth, is an association of 53 independent nations, all but one of which are former British colonies or related dependencies, aiming to promote peace, democracy and development. There are substantial economic ties and a shared history. List of Member Nations Origins of the Commonwealth Towards the end of the nineteenth century changes began occurring in the old British Empire, as the colonies grew in independence. In 1867 Canada became a ‘dominion’, a self-governing nation considered equal with Britain rather than simply ruled by her. The phrase ‘Commonwealth of Nations’ was used to describe the new relationships between Britain and colonies by Lord Rosebury during a speech in Australia in 1884. More dominions followed: Australia in 1900, New Zealand in 1907, South Africa in 1910 and the Irish Free State in 1921. In the aftermath of the First World War, the dominions sought a new definition of the relationship between themselves and Britain. At first the old ‘Conferences of Dominions’ and ‘Imperial Conferences’, begun in 1887 for discussion between the leaders of Britain and the dominions, were resurrected. Then, at the 1926 Conference, the Balfour Report was discussed, accepted and the following agreed of dominions: They are autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external  affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations. This declaration was made law by the 1931 Statute of Westminster and the British Commonwealth of Nations was created. Development of the Commonwealth of Nations