Fab Essay Research Paper The history of free essay sample

Fab Essay, Research Paper The history of the computing machine began 2000 old ages ago with the innovation of the abacus. Though this innovation merely allowed for simple arithmetic computations, it was still really effectual. A great many old ages after this, another computation device, the first digital reckoner, was created by Blaise Pascal in order to assist his male parent who was a revenue enhancement aggregator. A spot more than two hundred old ages after this, Charles Babbage created the first automatic reckoner that was powered by steam. This is particularly of import in the development of the computing machine because this machine could hive away informations and plan the machine with imputs. These were the early yearss of computing machines. By the 1890? s computing machines became used much more often and were particularly of import for the US Census. The population was turning fast and the authorities needed a better manner to maintain path of all the people. We will write a custom essay sample on Fab Essay Research Paper The history of or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Herman Hollerith and Jmes Powers created a punch card informations storage device that was highly fast and efficient by the criterions of those yearss. One operator could treat up to 8000 clout cards per twenty-four hours. The first to the full automatic machine was created in the 1930? s by IBM ( International Business Machines ) . It accepted input from punch cards and was able to execute computations with no human aid because it was electric. This innovation lead to the development of the first high- velocity computing machine called ENIAC. This could execute three hundred generation computations per second and sparked mathematician John von Neumann to analyze the computing machine and figure out how to outdo organize computing machines for the hereafter. This adult male is responsible for the thought of RAM ( Random Access Memory ) , an astonishing discovery in scientific discipline. From this point computing machines progressed on and on. Processors were created that continued to rush things up and computing machines got smaller and smaller. What people can make fawn on a simple manus held PDA, they couldn? Ts have even dreamed of in the 1950? s.

Essay Sample on Playground My Point of View

Essay Sample on Playground My Point of View â€Å"The playground† The smiling grass gives the impression of a healthy feeding by animals. The shining star from the East gives a sparkling outlook on the court giving the best of all Mother Nature can offer. The greenly parchments on the playground are a mouth-watering sight with kids displaying their skills in football and basketball. The movement of their feet resembling hockey sticks entails the search for happiness, compassion and togetherness by the kids. The running ball is all they want; the skinny ones are the fastest while the elephants bulldoze their tusks, as they chase the football. The shouting increases as the ball rolls to the east side chased by the impala fast handsome kid towards the trembling lily between the thin, tall gaping goal posts. A thunderous shot leaves a shaking net in its wake. Shouts of joy and jubilation fill the air. â€Å"Tap, tap, tap† as they move outdoing each other and â€Å"yeeeeees† the dunk is in. Clapping and shouting fills, the air with ecstas y and joy. The appealing smell of dust hits the nose as celebrations continue. Thumping of feet marks the end of celebrations. An amazing adventure it has turned out to be. â€Å"The other part of playing† The glaring sun seemed to request sweat from anyone including grass, which was determined not to give in. Everyone in the field is profusely sweating and the odor produced gives the housefly healthy competition. The moment the wonder strike was executed the faces of the kids in team A turned red. The embarrassment imprinted on their faces will take a decade to erase. Scampering to safety is Kaci the brown round faced little puppy without a care in this world but ensuring its tail is invisible between its thin legs. I am left wondering if it also knows the pain of losing. Coughing dust allergic kids deteriorates an already worse situation as they seem to want to outdo each other. Ooh, my God, the goalkeeper laments, the worst happens and is thinking of the career ahead of him. Clutching dipped heads in a line the movements certainly homebound. For today, that is, all they got and the pain of losing engraved in their minds as they depart. The grass in an illusion of their former self a re tired and sleepy; how good would the healing waters flow to drawn the sorrows of the day. Clicking cameras, their invention a big blunder, claim their stake in this piece of history. What an uncontrollable environment that has turned a field to a pool of emotional kids.

Apple Computers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Apple Computers - Essay Example Yet, as we look forward to a happy ending, earnings taper off and it appears as though the saga may be over after all. However, a feeling of quiet confidence gradually takes over the observer, as both Apple Computers and Jobs negotiate through each downturn with aplomb. Must a company's journey through time be so turbulent This document tries to draw lessons from the Apple experience and to suggest stable ways for commercial firms to manage their planning and operational processes. There are two over reaching factors that seem to have influenced strategic change at Apple Computers. The first is the frenetic pace of technological change. No other industrial sector has witnessed the continuous and rapid improvements in processor speeds, storage capacity, transmission options and software development. This has been a source of strength and an opportunity for the entrepreneurial culture of Apple Computers, but it has proved to be a handful for people such as Sculley who labored so hard to bring a semblance of order and discipline to the highly individualistic style of functioning to which die-hard company employees have become accustomed. A second factor which has affected strategy in this company has been the tumultuous and disorderly change of guard at the top. There is no precedent for such a striking founder to leave his creation while remaining in the business. Even more unusual has been the return of Jobs as a mere consultant to the company which he once owned. These moves, and indeed the manner of Sculley's departure have posed special challenges for the company. Strategy Review Systematic and regular environmental scanning seems to be a lacuna in the planning process at Apple Computers. Every enterprise needs a deep understanding of the values that its products and services deliver in an environment of global competitiveness (Ohmae, 1991, 61-74). The success of Jobs to see the opportunity in the graphic user interface which Xerox apparently missed, did not repeat itself when the company invested resources in Newton. It leads one to suspect that iPod may have come about by chance more than by a designed set of steps to understand dynamic customer needs. Environment scanning is an important and integral part of formulating strategy. We do not know if Apple Computers made the effort to reach out across the world, as for example IBM has always done, to weave market realism and new trends in consumer needs in to they way it thinks and works as an organization. The genius of Jobs could have been a drag for the company he founded, for he is clearly a person who th inks way ahead of his time. The story of Apple's strategy could be seen in the light of essential differences between a University Research Department and the function in a pharmaceutical concern which creates solely for profit. Jobs seems to have erred in mixing business and more visionary roles in a manner that continued to haunt the company long after he had left. We do know from the case that Sculley tried hard to rectify matters, but perhaps his 'sugary water' background prevented him from managing the environmental scanning process with the technological orientation it deserved. This is reflected in IBM and even prime rival Microsoft making good business use of some key Apple innovations! Overall, every business needs sound and

Strategy and Policy Study Guide and Case Study

Strategy and Policy Guide and - Case Study Example ormance and durability and has formed a strong distribution network to ensure these shoes reach to all corners of the globe in time and at a reasonable price. (b) Basing on the IE matrix above, it is advisable that the company currently is not in a position to expand but should rather â€Å"hold and maintain†. The IE matrix is made up of three strategically important regions; First, The cells labelled I, II and III represent the possibility of expansion. The company should therefore concentrate on improving market penetration, develop new markets and increase the products available on the market. The second region represented by numbers IV, V, and VI implies the company should be more concerned with market penetration of existing markets. The last region represented by VII, VIII, and IX numbers is an indicator the company should consider the possibility of exiting from the market as it tries rebranding to rejuvenate the business. In this strategy, the company will establish sales teams that will market and track the market acceptance of specific products without focusing on other company products. First the company is to identify two or three products that are performing below the expected potential owing to the performance of similar products in the market by other companies. Then a team is selected to carry out market research and establish reason why the products are not performing well and strategies employed by competitors to market their products. The team will then draw a plan ready for implementation with clear targets markets, quantities and time frame for implementation. These teams will have to carry out evaluation after a number of months to check if the strategy is giving positive results. The company wants to be felt by customers both in the high end and low end market. In applying this strategy, the product marketed will be appealing to all markets and customers will want to have a feel of the product. The team will identify areas in the plan that

Commercialized Buddhism in modern China Research Paper

Commercialized Buddhism in modern China - Research Paper Example Shaolin temples are ideal examples of commercialized Buddhism in modern China because of how they apply business values and models to their management philosophy and various monastery and outside activities. Shaolin Temple, in Songshan Mountain, Henan Province, is the oldest and most important of all Buddhist temples, though there are now 10 Shaolin temples in China. In this paper, â€Å"Shaolin Temple† refers to the oldest temple, while Shaolin temples refer to all temples. It analyzes how the commercialization of Buddhism in China affects Buddhism’s image, principles, and practices. Buddhism’s modern acculturation process, primarily through the commercial management of Shaolin temples in Chinas, paradoxically extends and damages its identity because of the growing importance of capitalism in its mindset and the increasing centrality of profits and political interests as its ends, although the same capitalistic mindset does allow for it to exploit modern devices for its goal of educating the public about Buddhism and Shaolin cultures. Shaolin temples are the houses of worship for Buddhists that have become thriving business communities too. The management of Shaolin temples still occurs through abbots. Abbots nowadays work with commercial interests in mind. Ming Xu describes how abbots earn profits through absorbing the capitalism model in the running of their temples. For instance, temples charge for admission to pay for monastery expanses and for supporting its various activities that spread Shaolin and Buddhism cultures all over the world (Xu). This is part of the many money-making efforts of temples, which abbots justify as necessary to the spreading of Buddhism because Buddhism cannot be taught without having food and resources for its teachers and students. Furthermore, Shaolin Temple also actively organizes Shaolin festivals to promote Buddhism. It is now

Developing Smoking Interventions in Nursing

Developing Smoking Interventions in Nursing Hannah Burrell-Davis Regulatory and legal documents are essential for appropriate nursing practice and influences the way nurses work on a daily basis. The Nursing council of New Zealand’s code of conduct and the smoke-free environments act 1990 are examples of these, having huge impacts on the way nurses practice today. It is important to reflect on how these may influence the nursing practice in New Zealand. The Smoke-free Environments Act 1990 was established to aid in the protection of those individuals who do not want to smoke or be around second hand smoke in order to prevent any detrimental effects to their health. The smoke-free environments act solidifies this by ensuring that those that do smoke do not inflict any health implications on those who do not smoke themselves, this is ensured by reducing the amount of tobacco substances exposed to non-smokers, and adequate regulation and control of the marketing and advertising and promotion of tobacco products. This can be successfully achieved through the sponsoring of other products, events or services and/or directly. Another purpose of the smoke-free environments act is to ensure that the presence of harmful constituents in tobacco products and tobacco smoke is monitored and regulated. Finally, a health sponsorship council needs to be established, which will aid in promoting health and encourage healthy lifestyles (Smoke-free Envi ronments Act, 1990). The smoke-free environments act is broken into 2 parts to aid the amount of tobacco use and its harmful effects, these parts include having smoke-free workplaces and public areas, and control of smoking products. These two parts are centred on the protection of individual’s health and reducing the amount of youth that is impacted by second hand smoke. The Nursing Council New Zealand (NCNZ) holds the responsibility for the registration of nurses; it acts by protecting the safety and health of the community and public by ensuring that nurses are competent and fit to practice. The NCNZ has many methods and rules set in place to maintain this and fulfil this function, one of these being the NCNZ Code of Conduct. The Code of Conduct should be used by nurses to uphold appropriate behaviour, not only in the professional role, but must also continue to have a high standard of behaviour in their personal lives. This is primarily because nurses must gain the trust of the public. The Code of Conduct has a set of values and principles that are essential for nurses to understand, they also aid in the understanding of professional practice and can be applied in association with the Smoke-Free Environments act. The values in the NCNZ Code of Conduct include respect, trust, partnership and integrity. Respect is a major value that should be very a pparent in nursing practice, as the code of conduct suggests, treating others with respect means behaving towards individuals with worth and respect for their health and wellbeing (NCNZ, 2012), this is essential for a nurse to understand. Not only is it essential for the nurse to understand during nursing practice, it is important to understand in personal life situations, in regards to smoking a smoker must have respect for those who do not smoke or wish to be around second hand smoke, this includes the health professionals that do smoke. Encouraging the decreased use of tobacco is a skill that can be very effective in the nursing practice, with smoking cessation however support from the nurse is very important. Along with trust, respect, integrity and partnership, as the code of conduct implements, support is another very powerful intervention that must be applied in nursing practice, in particular when it comes to successful smoking cessation. Nicotine addiction will be a major contributor to most of the withdrawal symptoms, these can be hard to deal with and fear of the unknown is paramount, hence the importance for support. At this stage a referral to nicotine patches, lozenges and gum will help the withdrawal symptoms. Support can include providing reassurance to the patient, reinstating that there is help available and reminding them that this is the first step of treatment to benefit the health of them and their family/whanau surrounding them. It is also important that the nurse considers the age, gender, disab ilities/disorders and ethnic group of the individual attempting to quit smoking. Here the nurse would implement the values and principles in the code of conduct, doing so by ensuring that their practice is culturally safe. The code of conducts principle, partnership, can be utilised at this stage as nurses must also work alongside patients during the smoking cessation process, it is important that patients are given adequate information about quitting in a manner that they can understand in order to make an informed choice about their care and treatment(NCNZ, 2012). This can be applied to nursing situations, as the act outlines that smoking in workplaces is prohibited, this includes health care settings, such as hospitals, community health services, hospices, dental surgeries, aged care services etc. However although smoking in workplaces is prohibited, as stated in the smoke-free environments act (Smoke-free Environments Act, 1990), people, including health professionals continue to smoke in such areas. The Waikato Times author Maryanne Twentyman documented an article in which the Te Aroha District Community Hospital was scrutinised for such anti smoke-free behaviour. Te Aroha 69 year old man was a patient when he spent two days at Te Aroha District Community Hospital, and although he could not fault the nursing care he received, he was shocked and disgusted with the lack of smoke-free policies on the hospital grounds. He states â€Å"I was appalled to see the staff puffing up a storm close to the hospital entranceways† (Twentyman, 2012) . Smoking close to the entranceways can be harmful to the patients, people can walk through the smoke and the smoke can waft into the rooms, putting the patients at risk, which is an example of nurses not following through on the NCNZ Code of Conduct’s values and principles and the smoke-free environments act by not having the patients’ health at best interest. To prevent this from occurring the act states that there must be dedicated smoking rooms in hospital care institutions and these must be equipped with a mechanical ventilation system. Appropriate and acceptable nursing practice must always be aware of the impacts they or others have on a patient’s health. Another key requirement of the smoke-free environments act is to prevent young people from being influenced by seeing other people smoke, particularly in homes and schools. (Smoke-free Environments Act, 1990). This can strongly be impacted by nursing practice, in particular by community nurses. Rowa-Dewar and Ritchie (2014), suggest that children are particularly sensitive to second-hand smoke (SHS) and the risk associated with it, due to their faster breathing rate, they inhale more pollutants per their weight than adults. What some parents may not be aware of is that SHS lingers in the air long after the cigarette has been extinguished, and children will still be exposed to the risk it entails. Community nurses are uniquely placed to intervene in such health behaviours in the home setting. Community nurses can use such useful strategies as to educate and build upon the importance of parental desires to protect their children. It is hopeful that this desire will emphasize the interd ependence of their health behaviours and how this may impact their childs health. According to Rowa-Dewar and Ritchie (2014) most parents are shocked by the levels of SHS in their own homes and want to protect their children. Although the smoke-free environments act has no influence over the smoking environment of the home, it certainly stretches to the alternative young people’s environments, such as schools, early childhood education and care centres. According to the act no persons are to smoke in any parts of these premises at any time of any day, including the entrances. Smoking cessation is without a doubt a major factor that nurses can have a strong influence over, not only does it affect the health of themselves and their surrounding family/whanau, it can have a huge impact on disabilities, illnesses and even such injuries as bone fractures. When a fracture occurs, it is vital that the healing process begins as soon as possible; this is because delayed fracture healing can have a significant effect on a patient’s wellbeing. However such factors that could result in a potential delay includes smoking. All the elements that are in cigarette smoke are associated with the impairment of fracture healing, as a combination they inhibit the conditions required for a timely fracture healing, with nicotine being recognised as a risk factor for reduced bone density. (Miller, 2014). The smoke-free environments act has a purpose to reduce the harmful effects of tobacco use on people, nurses have the power to influence smoking habits and the continuance and encouragement of smoking cessation should be present. Smoking is implicated in numerous detrimental health impacts and many illnesses and disabilities. Nurses have a major role in aiding in the decreased use of tobacco smoking and therefor an increase in health worldwide. Such pieces of legislation as the Smoke-free Environments Act and the New Zealand Nursing councils code of conduct, continue to develop and impact on the nursing care that is received today, encouraging nurses to offer their best nursing practice to decrease serious health complications. References Miller, S. (2014). How Smoking can Hinder Fracture Healing. Journal of Emergency Nursing,22(4), 28-30. Rowa-Dewar, N., Ritchie, D. ( 2014). Protecting Children from Smoking in the Home: An Ethics of Care Perspective. British Journal of Community Nursing, 19(5), 214-218. Smoke-Free Environments Act, No. 108. (1990). Retrieved from http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1990/0108/latest/DLM223191.html The Nursing Council of New Zealand. (2012). Code of Conduct for Nurses. Wellington, New Zealand: Nursing Council of New Zealand. Twentyman, M. (2012, January 25). Smoking near hospital doors disgust patient. Waikato Times, p.24.

Family & marriage Essay

1. The U.S. Census Bureau defines family as two or more people living together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption. Heterosexual or Homosexual unmarried partners are excluded from this traditional definition. Many people object to the Census Bureau’s definition. The Journal of Marriage and Family, a scholarly journal about families published by the National council on Family Relations, opts for a broader, more exclusive definition saying that a family is a relationship by blood, marriage or affection, where members of the family cooperate economically, may care for children, and can consider their identity to be intimately connected by a larger group. It can include a family of orientation, which is the family that you were born into, and a family of procreation, which is the family that you make through marriage, partnering and/or parenthood. This text also includes fictive kin in its definition of family. Fictive kin are nonrelatives whose bonds are strong and intimate, such as the relationships shared among unmarried homosexual or heterosexual partners, or close friends. Chapter 1, pg 3-5. 2. Regulation of Sexual Behavior: All cultures regulate sexual behavior, including who can have sex with whom and under what circumstances they must do so. A virtually regulation is the incest taboo that forbids sexual activity among close family members. Reproducing and Socializing Children: Each society must produce new members and ensure socialization, teaching children the rules, expectations and culture of society. Property and Inheritance: For much of human history, when people were nomadic hunters and gatherers, families owned little or nothing of their own, and so had nothing to pass down. Agriculture made it possible for people to own property, or to obtain a surplus beyond what was needed to survive, therefore, it became imp ortant to identify heirs. Economic Cooperation: A family is the group responsible for providing its members with food, shelter, clothing and other basic necessities. Social Placement, Status, and Roles: Families give their members a social identity and position. Members find their place in the complex web of status and roles. Care, Warmth, Protection, and Intimacy: Humans need far more than food, shelter, and clothing to survive. Families are intended to provide the emotional care needed to survive and thrive. Chapter 1, pg 6-7. 10. Poverty comes in many different shapes, sizes and colors. Poor families face a higher degree of stress, disorganization, ad other issues in their life.  Poverty is hard on every one, but it weighs especially heavy on children’s physical, social, and emotional health. Poverty puts the health of children at risk in many ways, including a low birth weight, which increases chances of serious chronic and acute illness, along with emotional and behavioral problems. Poverty has a negative effect on the quality and stimulation of the home environment. Poor children on welfare who were between the ages of 13 and 36 months hear only half as many words per hour as the average working class child. Poor children have a higher probability of being abused, neglected, and more severely injured by abuse. On average, poor children have fewer resources for learning in the home, including books and educational toys. Because poor families cannot pay high rent they often live in housing that may lack proper cooking, heating, or sanitation. Poor children live in inner cities where violence, crime truancy, loitering, and a sense of despair predominate. Chapter 2, pgs 63-65. 11. We are all made up of many different characteristics. We aren’t simply male or female, Asian American or Hispanic, rich or poor. A person may be a White working-class female, a Japanese American upper-class male, a Cuban middle-class male, a white upper-class female, or any number of other racial, ethnic, gender, sex, and class combination. We have multiple statuses and they all interact to shape our lives. Our statuses intersect with one another. Sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and social class, individually and together, shape a constellation of privileges and constraints that can affect our goals, opportunity, choices, and experiences. They influence family structure we are born into, the way our parents raise us, our choices and opportunities in intimate relationships, how we parent, and how we age. Chapter 2, pg 67.

Assignment Template

A new manager is starting in the organisation shortly. You have been asked to provide an outline to this new-starter, so that they can gain some understanding of the organisation in preparation for their start. The information you provide should include: ? A list of the main products and services of the organisation ? An identification of the main customers ? The purpose and goals of the organisation An analysis of a minimum of 4 external factors and their impact on the business activities of an organisation ? The structure and at least 4 functions of the organisation ? An explanation of how these different functions work together within the organisation to optimise performance ? An identification of the culture of the organisation and at least 2 ways this affects operations.  In order to understand the organizational business or operation environment and cope with specific organizational culture, it seems important to get the comprehensive information regarding the products and se rvices, customer base, organizational goals or objectives of the company and its internal or external influencing factors. Considering the same, brief insight about Apple Inc. can be of great help for new managers to understand and cope with new organizations culture. Apple Inc. is known in the global market place for its innovative new dimensions of digital technology, which acts as the core competitive advantages of its business.Company has well known brand repute in the local and global market places, which entails it to expand its business of producing personal computers, computer software, servers, consumer electronics and digital media for distribution etc beyond the domestic boundaries. Apple has developed innovation and new digital technology utilization as the strategy for growth of organization and expansion of business in global territories. Most popular products of company are the iPhone, iPad, iPod, and the Mac computers and laptops, which have helped in establishment o f its own niche market by the Apple.Certain products like iPods and iTunes etc have generated high volume sales in its specific industry segment of consumer electronics and media sales. With grand success of iPhone series mobile equipments Apple is still reaping the market through its innovative product iPad. One of the founding member Steve Jobs has formulated and developed the culture of innovation and new dimensions of digital technology as the key competitive factors. Apple has aligned its strategic thoughts with that of the approach of creation and delivery of new product segments and improvements in the existing products in the market.Through such approach of innovation and advanced technology product development, Apple has build up its specific organizational culture and with passage of time extensive research and development programs and quick upgrade of upcoming and existing products have become the integral part of its overall organizational development strategy. In its cu stomer base main constituents are the young age individuals and institutional organizations, who utilises specific products like iPods, iPhones, iPads etc for their personal use and Mac computers and laptops for their professional or operational uses.Improvements and upgrades in existing products and launch of new innovative products have helped in development of organizational value and sustain growth prospects. Basic approach of Apple towards operational imperatives seems to follow the integration framework, where different operational functions like designing, engineering, retail and research and development are integrated to develop high quality and advanced technology products. Such approach of integration of different operational functions helps it in gaining flexibility and quick responses in situation of change in environment.Most of the operational efforts remain allocated to bring innovation and efficiency in core functions of Apple, like designing, engineering, retail and research and development, which bring uniqueness and sustainable quality in the offerings. As basic strategy of Apple Inc. is considered to be inclined towards development of specific products targeted to certain specific markets, thus even though it has earned impressive growth in past, a prospective threat of influence of external environmental factors also exists, which may potentially affect the business and growth prospects of the Apple Inc.Certain external factors which may affect the Apple’s business can be mentioned as change in interest or preferences of the customers, dynamic changes in the technology, entry of other strong competitors in its niche market segment and change in rules and regulations of global market economies. Due to technological advancements most of the technical specifications of iPods became available in iPhones and other similar products of other competitors thus it poses enhanced internal and external competition for its products like iPods et c.Similarly with spread of technology in global sphere several other competitors have also started optimizing their potentials to compete directly in the niche market of Apple, just like the case of Samsung which has posed significant competition to the Apple’s iPhone. Apple’s organizational culture is considered to be based on the integration of different operational functions and utilization of innovation and digital technology dimension in product development.As Apple operates in global scenario and utilizes the organizational communication, open-mindedness, inter-disciplinary design reviews and collaborative operations of technical teams as its organizational culture components, thus certain issues like cross culture conflicts and respective barriers of communications can affect the productivity and sustainability of growth prospects. Cross cultural conflicts can hamper the competitive advantages developed by the Apple in several years of effort.

5th Grade Science Fair Projects

5th Grade Science Fair Projects By the 5th grade, students are expected to shoulder more responsibility in designing in doing a science fair project. There will still be a lot of parent and teacher help, but you want a straightforward project that ideally takes no longer than a week or two to complete. The ideal project is one the student can do pretty much by himself or herself, with guidance from adults as needed. 5th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas What household chemicals repel insects? Pick one particular type, common to your area, such as flies, ants, or roaches and test herbs, spice, etc. to see if you can come up with a non-toxic way to keep bugs away.Make a model tornado or vortex. You can use two bottles taped together or can make a cool tornado using water and vegetable oil. For the project, explain how the vortex works.Can people taste the difference between drinks sweetened with Stevia (a natural non-caloric  sweetener) and sugar? Which do they prefer?Are there any dyes you can add to water living plants that change the color of their flowers? Hint: Some modern orchids are tinted blue using dyes, so its possible.Do people have the same sensitivity to smell? Place people at one end of a room. Have another person open a scent, such as lemon oil or vinegar. Have your test subjects write down what they smell and what time they smelled it. Is the time the same for different scents? Does it matter whether the test subject was male or female? Use the streak test to try to identify different mineral samples. What other tests might you try to confirm your results?Does storage temperature affect popcorn popping? Store popcorn in the freezer, refrigerator, at room temperature, and in a heated location. Pop the same amount of each sample. Count how many unpopped kernels remain. Can you explain the results?Does food cooked in the microwave cool at the same rate as food cooked in the oven or on the stove top? Heat foods to the same temperature. Use a thermometer to measure the temperature at set times. Explain your results.Can you sip the same amount of liquid through two straws at once as one straw? What about 3 straws?Collect a group of different substances. Rank the materials according to best to worse heat conductors (or insulators). See if you can explain your findings.Does the color of a light affect how bright it appears in fog? in water?For your project, explain how traffic lights work. What is the reason for the delay b etween when a light turns yellow and then turns red? How many cars are needed to trip a turn arrow? If youre examining a particular light, does its behavior change according to the time of day? Where is the best place to store apples? Where is the best place to store bananas? Are they the same?Does the temperature of a magnet affect its magnetic field lines? You can trace the magnetic field lines of a magnet by putting iron filings on a sheet of paper over the magnet.What brand of battery lasts the longest?Make ice cubes starting with different temperatures of water. Does the starting temperature of water affect how long it takes to freeze?Make a homemade sundial and explain how it works.

FUNCTIONALISM THEORY

FUNCTIONALISM THEORY Free Online Research Papers Functionalism originated in the United States and initially coexisted with structuralism. Although functionalist beliefs diverged, their emphasis was always the same, the utility of consciousness and behavior in adjusting to the environment. The founder of the functionalist movement is usually thought to be William James (1842-1910). In addition to James, two of the most influential members of the functionalist movement were John Dewey (1859-1952) and James R. Angell (1869-1949). The second paradigm of psychology was functionalism. As its name implies, the primary interest in this approach is in the function of mental processes, including consciousness. While not the creation of any single scholar, William James was clearly its most famous advocate. The functionalists tended to use the term function rather loosely. The term is used in at least two different ways. It can refer to the study of how a mental process operates. Functionalism never really died, it became part of the mainstream of psychology. James was the first American psychologist, he wrote the first general text book on psychology, and he remains one of the most well-liked and famous of all psychologists. While functionalism did not have a specific founder or leader, James is identified as its early spokesperson. The main contribution the functionalists made to learning theory is that they studied the relationship of consciousness to the environment rather than studying it as an isolated phenomenon. They opposed the introspective technique of the structuralists because it was elementistic, not because it studied consciousness. The functionalists were not opposed to studying mental processes but insisted that they should always be studied in relationship to survival. Unlike the structuralists, the functionalists were very interested in applied psychology. Most functionalists believed that one of their major goals should be to furnish information that could be used to improve the human condition. American functionalist psychology constituted an effort to model scientific psychology on the successes of English evolutionary theory. In part it was a response to the stagnation of Wundts psychological research program, which had been grounded in German experimental physiology. In part it was an attempt to make psychology more appealing within the highly pragmatic American context and to facilitate the application of psychology to domains outside of the scientific laboratory. There are applications of psychology that emerged from the functionalist ethos included child and developmental psychology, clinical psychology, psychological testing, and industrial/vocational psychology. Punctionalism was also the ground within which behaviorism rooted and grew into the dominant form of psychology through the middle of the 20th century. As mentioned above, two of the most influential members of the functionalist movement were John Dewey (1859-1952) and James R. Angell (1869-1949). James Roland Angell was born in Burlington, Vermont. He came from an academic family, his grandfather serving as president of Brown University and his father serving as president of the University of Vermont and later the University of Michigan. As an undergraduate, Angell studied under John Dewey (1859-1952) at University of Michigan. He then worked for a year with William James (1842-1910) at Harvard, earning his MA in 1892. Two years later, he accepted an offer from Dewey to be a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. He remained at Chicago for 25 years, where, during his tenure, the department became the primary training ground for functionalist psychologists. Two of Angells famous students include Harvey Carr (1873-1954) and John B. Watson (1878-1958). From 1921 through 1937, Angell served as president of Yale Universi ty, helping to establish its Institute of Human Relations. Angell is said to have transformed functionalism from a movement into a working school, despite his protestations that the movement was too broad to be embodied within any single framework. In 1904, he wrote a highly successful book called Psychology: an Introductory Study of Structure and Functions of Human Consciousness. Within four years, it went through four editions, evidence of the growing popularity of functionalism.. His most important contribution to functionalist psychology was his 1906 presidential address to American Psychological Association entitled The Province of Functional Psychology. In this speech, he made three major points, drawing the battle lines between functionalism and structuralism. First, functionalism studies mental operations, not mental elements. Second, functionalism views consciousness in terms of its utility, mediating between an organisms needs and the pressures of its environment. And third, functionalism regards mind and body as an inseparable un it. In conclusion although there are three main people who contributed to the Functionalism theory, there are also others that play into this category as well. Functionalism is one of the major proposals that have been offered as solutions to the mind/body problem. Solutions to the mind/body problem usually try to answer questions such as: What is the ultimate nature of the mental? At the most general level, what makes a mental state mental? Or more specifically, what do thoughts have in common in virtue of which they are thoughts? References Olson M. H. Hergenhahn, B. R. (2009). An introduction to theories of learning. (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Darwinian Theory, Functionalism, and the First American Psychological Revolution Green, Christopher D American Psychologist, Feb/Mar2009, Vol. 64 Issue 2, p75-83, 9p, 2 bw; DOI: 10.1037/a0013338; (AN 36872963) Research Papers on FUNCTIONALISM THEORYThree Concepts of PsychodynamicEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseQuebec and CanadaStandardized TestingInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesOpen Architechture a white paperGenetic EngineeringResearch Process Part OneAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

CONTRACT LAW ESSAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

CONTRACT LAW - Essay Example In the case of Mark and JETS, it can be established that Mark desired and needed the services offered by JETS, specifically, the provisions that (d) a Hamletjet 1000 must be available, and one of a list of designated pilots must be on call, 24 hours a day; (e) all pilots will have a jet at the ready for clients’ use within 30 minutes of receiving a request from a client. Since the stipulations were clear, it is assumed that the offered services are vital and strictly followed by both parties and that any violation of the stipulation would render breach of contract or even economic loss on the part of Mark. In the instance that Mark needed a Hamletjet in February 11, and that immediately informed JETS about this need was part and covered by the contract. It is expected that in 30 minutes, the Hamletjet will be available for Mark. Failure of the JETS to provide a transport for Mark is a breach of the stipulations. Inducing Breach of Contract Under the doctrine of substantial per formance, Lord Mansfield indicated that in common law, it is a term in the contract that creates an obligation to be performed by one party to the contract, and subsequently, further obligation arises on the side of the other party (The Modern Law Review, 1975). The condition upon which the entire contract, or as a whole, becomes dependent on the conditions indicated on the contract, of which two had been violated by JETS in the disadvantage of Mark. It should be noted that no further agreement was taken after the failure to deliver on the part of JETS. Had the two parties – Mark and JETS – met and discussed to create a new agreement, the case could have taken the route of Hughes v Metropolitan Railway Co., of which Lord Cairns stated that: It is the first principle upon which all courts of equity proceed, that if parties, who have entered into definite and distinct terms involving certain legal results, afterwards by their own act or with their own consent enter upon a course of negotiation which has the effect of leading one of the parties to suppose that the strict rights arising under the contract will not be enforced, or will be kept in suspense, or held in abeyance, the person who otherwise might have enforced those rights will not be allowed to enforce them when it would be inequitable having regard to the dealings which have taken place between the parties (Hughes v Metropolitan Railway, 1877). Lord O’Hagan, on the same case mentioned, noted the failure of one party to oblige upon the agreement of both parties, to which, he commented, â€Å"They entered into a covenant: and if they have failed to fulfil their undertaking they must abide the results, however onerous, unless the circumstances excuse their default in the view of a Court of Equity. But if they acted, or failed to act, through a mistake induced by the conduct of the Plaintiff: if they were misled by it into the belief that his strict legal right was abandoned or suspen ded for the time, he cannot be allowed to take advantage of the forfeiture which was so accomplished.† In Lumley v Gye, it had been ruled out that liability depended upon the contracting party having committed an

English in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English in India - Essay Example In India the struggle between the local and the global is really of current importance, it is an illustrative example of the development of English in postcolonial period. It might be even so, that local language practices, discourses, and values will be swallowed up by the sweeping economic and political forces brought about by globalization. In his recent work, Bhatt argues that these dichotomies of standard and nonstandard English have resulted in many class differences within India, and that the richer classes in India use Standard English to maintain their hegemony over the lower classes, who speak a local variety. By using these dichotomies, Bhatt argues, Indian elites are reinforcing the biased expert discourses that sustain the hegemony of Standard English worldwide (Bhatt 59-63). According to Kachru, questions about language go beyond linguistics; these are connected with the problems of power, history, sociology, politics and economics. The most important reason for the success of English is, naturally the historical role of England as a colonial power. In India, for example, the political power naturally attributed a power to the language (the linguistic elitism strategy was typical for the times of colonization). English has been with India since the early 1600's, and by the early 1800's a large number of English schools were set up. English became the official and academic language of India by the early twentieth century. In the 1920's the nationalist movement rose, bringing some anti-English sentiment with it (even though the movement itself used English as its medium). Independence was gained, and together with it, the perception of English as having an alien power base changed. English came to be the language of the legal system, higher education, administrative network, science and technology, trade and commerce. At that time, the use of English was considered prestigious and powerful, moreover, the indigenous languages were not equipped for these roles and English provided for a convenient vocabulary (Kachru:127-136). However, more recent researches, as that of Annika Hohenthal, which studies the attitudes of Indians towards English by means of the experiment with informants, show that English has become more natural in the Indian environment: nowadays, English represents the domains of education and employment, scientific knowledge, modernization and development, as well as more personal domains, such as the family and friendship. Indians themselves understand that because of linguistic and cultural reasons Indian English is naturally different from the British standard variety of English, it is as a variety of its own. Although English is clearly perceived as a more useful language to know, at the same time, people identify themselves more easily with Hindi, only a rather small proportion identified themselves with British and Anglo-American culture. Most of the informants would like the use of Hindi to be encouraged in India, as well as they would like to see it as the official language also in future. Another important tendency: virtually all the informants were sure that their children should learn English at school. This fact